Athanasios Koustelios

The purpose of this study was: a) to investigate the level of "Work Engagement" and "Perceived Work Stress" in the Greek Banking Sector, b) to examine if the demographic characteristics affect the "Work Engagement" and "Perceived Work Stress" and c) to reveal the relationship between these two concepts. The sample of this study was 238 bank employees. To measure engagement, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) (Schaufeli et al., 2002b, Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004) was used. To measure perceived work stress was used the questionnaire that had been designed by Cohen and his associates (Cohen, Karmarck, & Mermelstein, 1983). The results show that the level of work Engagement of bank employees was high and that bank employees experienced a high level of work stress. Moreover, it was revealed that the gender, the age, the marital status, the level of studies, the year of service and the position that someone had in the bank affect both the levels of work Engagement and of perceived work stress. Furthermore, it was found that there is a negative correlation between Engagement and Perceived Work Stress.

In the past years, the role of the accountant has changed due to the continuous development of the market economy. As we enter the technological era, students and teachers have both changed their methods of learning and acquiring information, making the implementation of ICT technologies in the teaching process of accounting a necessity. In the present study, we propose a research outline of a web based tool for the teaching of accounting in replacement of traditional classroom teaching. The main objectives of the present research are the following: 1) The application of an LMS system as main teaching tool of an accounting course and 2) The comparison of the LMS tool to traditional lecture type teaching method.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the levels of motivation among Greek bank employees. Motivation refers to the function of several factors, either internal or external, which are likely to affect and activate a person's behavior. Several aspects of motivation have been distinguished and described, like intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and a-motivation (absence of motivation). In addition, the employees' levels of motivation are likely to be affected by several demographic characteristics. For the collection of the data, the Work Motivation Inventory – Greek version (WMI-G) was used. The inventory was created by Christodoulidis and Papaioannou (2002), based on the Work Motivation Inventory created by Blais, Briere, Lachance, Riddle and Vallerand (1993). It consists of 35 questions under the general question "What pushes you to do this job?" corresponding to five factors: "Intrinsic motivation" (12 issues), "Identified regulation" (4 issues), "Introjected regulation" (3 issues), "External Regulation" (6 issues), "Amotivation" (10 issues). The answers were given on a seven-point Likert-type scale (1 = not responds at all, 7 = corresponds exactly). The sample of the study consisted of 172 employees of Greek banks and credit institutions. The results of the study showed that work motivation among Greek bank employees is likely to be partially affected by several demographic features, like age, gender and educational level. However, further investigation should be carried out in the Greek population, so that work motivation is well studied and promoted.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relation between motivation and job satisfaction among Greek bank employees. In particular, the study examined the possible positive relationship between the self-determined, independent forms of motivation and the factors of job satisfaction and the possible negative relationship between the non self-determined forms of motivation and the factors of job satisfaction. The research sample consisted of 172 bank employees. For the collection of the data, the Work Motivation Inventory – Greek version (WMI-G) was used. The inventory was created by Christodoulidis and Papaioannou (2002), based on the Work Motivation Inventory created by Blais, Briere, Lachance, Riddle and Vallerand (1993). It consists of 35 questions under the general question "What pushes you to do this job?" corresponding to five factors: "Intrinsic motivation" (12 issues), "Identified regulation" (4 issues), "Introjected regulation" (3 issues), "External Regulation" (6 issues), "Amotivation" (10 issues). The answers were given on a seven-point Likert-type scale (1 = not responds at all, 7 = corresponds exactly). The tool which was used for the measurement of job satisfaction was the Employee Satisfaction Inventory, ESI, created by Koustelios, 1991. It included Sdrolias-Belias-Koustelios-Golia-Koutiva-Thomos-Varsanis, 82-101 9 th MIBES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 30/5-1/6 2014 83 24 questions, which measure six dimensions of job satisfaction: 1. Working conditions (5 questions), 2. Earnings (4 questions), 3. Promotions (3 questions), 4. Nature of work (4 questions), 5. Immediate superior (4 questions) and 6. The institution as a whole (4 questions). The research results indicate that the highest the motivation the highest the job satisfaction of employees. However, further investigation should be carried out in the Greek population, so that occupational phenomena like work motivation and job satisfaction are well studied and promoted

The aim of the present study is to measure the levels of job satisfaction, role conflict and autonomy of employees in the Greek Banking Organization. In addition, the investigation of the relation between role conflict and the dimensions of job satisfaction is being attempted and the regulatory impact of autonomy in the aforementioned relationship is being analyzed. For the measurement of job satisfaction in the present study, the Employee Satisfaction Inventory-ESI (Koustelios, 1991; Koustelios & Bagiatis, 1997) was used. The inventory was created using Greek employees as a sample. It included 24 items which measure six dimensions of job satisfaction: 1. Working conditions, 2. Salary, 3. Promotions, 4. Work itself, 5. Immediate superior and 6. The organization as a whole For the measurement of role conflict, the Role Questionnaire (Rizzo, House, & Lirtzman, 1970) was used. The scale consisted of eight items. Finally, for the measurement of employees' autonomy a scale developed by Beehr (1976) was used. The scale consisted of four items. The results of the study confirmed previous findings, according to which role conflict is negatively correlated with job satisfaction. In addition, autonomy has a moderating role in the relation between role conflict and job satisfaction. Research findings like these should be taken into serious consideration by superiors and managers, so that job satisfaction among Greek bank employees is increased and promoted, leading to higher productivity and general well-being.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between organizational culture and job satisfaction. In particular, the research hypothesis is that the type of organization culture in a specific institution is able to predict the levels of job satisfaction among employees. For the measurement of job satisfaction in the present study, the Employee Satisfaction Inventory-ESI (Koustelios, 1991; Koustelios & Bagiatis, 1997) was used. The inventory was created using Greek employees as a sample. It included 24 items , which measure six dimensions of job satisfaction. The assessment of organizational culture was performed with the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) developed by Cameron and Quinn (2006). It included six questions (Dominant Characteristics, Organizational Leadership, Management of Employees, Organizational Glue, Strategic Emphases, Criteria of Success). Each question had four alternatives (A=Clan, B=Adhocracy, C=Market, D=Hierarchy). According to the results, there is a significant difference between all aspects of current and preferred organizational culture types among employees of Greek banking institutions. The majority of employees would prefer to work in a more friendly environment, where mutual trust and informal relationships among colleagues are dominant, personal ambitions are taken into consideration and teamwork is rewarded. Moreover, the present study showed that organizational culture can partially predict the levels of employees' job satisfaction. In particular, the adhocracy and the market type are more likely to make employees dissatisfied with their salary, while the opposite happens with the hierarchy type. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed, so that Greek bank employees' job satisfaction is being well studied and promoted.